With the wide application of intelligent collaborative algorithm and autonomous technology in the field of air,space and sea equipment,the multi-domain cluster distributed collaborative autonomous control technology has also been deeply studied,and significantly improved the degree of intelligent autonomy of unmanned equipment.Based on the development needs of distributed intelligent autonomous control technology of multi-domain cluster,this paper reviews the relevant references related to multi-domain cluster distributed intelligent autonomous control technology and the research status at home and abroad.The relevant strategies,key research directions and advanced methods of multi-domain cluster collaborative autonomous control technology are deeply analyzed.The relevant key technologies and methods are summarized,and the future development trend is discussed.This paper provides a reference for improving the collaborative autonomous control ability of unmanned cluster system.

Ceramics will undergo when operating under long-term high temperature and high stress conditions,which promotes the generation and propagation of cracks and eventually leads to failure.The evolution of creep damage is closely related to the microstructure of ceramics.Establishing a microscopic finite element model of ceramic materials is conducive to a more in-depth understanding of this relationship.For this purpose,a dynamics-based 3D crystal deposition model is proposed by taking Si₃N₄ ceramics as the research object.The sintering process of Si₃N₄ ceramics is simulated by the Monte Carlo Potts crystal growth model,striving to reproduce the dynamic growth process of Si₃N₄ ceramics as well as the microstructure characteristics,such as the size,shape and orientation distribution of crystals after crystallization,and the size,shape and distribution of pores.Based on the geometric boundary description generated by this simulation,a Python script is automatically generated to complete the finite element modeling in a FEA software.The statistical elastic constants of Si₃N₄ ceramics are verified using this finite element model.By comparing the calculated results with the experimental data,it is shown rhat the relative error is approximately 4.5%,which shows a good agreement.

The near-field blast wave characteristics(0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3)of typical charge structures(sphere and cylinder)are investigated for supporting the protection of sympathetic detonation through near-field explosion experiment and numerical simulation.The load of near-field blast wave of cylindrical charge is experimentaly investigated,and a numerical caculation model of near-field explosion is established,The near-field blast wave structures and spatial distributions for peak parameters of spherical and cylindrical charges are analyzed.The results show that the near-field explosion loads are affected by the detonation products,and the reflected overpressure histories exhibit multi-peak and jagged form,which are due to the effects of multiple reflection waves and the complex flow of detonation products after the Mach region.The inverse of pressure and density gradient between detonation products and shock wave interface leads to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability effect.The generated interfacial microjets of detonation products promote the complexity of multiple reflection wave structure,resulting in large uncertainty of measured results of near-field reflected loads.The near-field incident overpressure curve shows a typical double-peak structure,which comes from the air shock wave and detonation products.Due to the structural effects of charge,the incident wave loads of cylindrical charge distribute non-uniformly along the axial and radial directions.The spatial distribution of incident parameters drastically varies when the azimuth angle is between 30°-60° because of the bridging wave effects.The modified predictive model can capture the incident peak overpressure and impulse in the range of 0.06m/kg^1/3<Z<1m/kg^1/3 for cylindrical charge(L/D=0.8)with center initiation under arbitrary azimuth angle,and the relative deviations among predicted results and numerical results of incident peak overpressure and impulse are less than 20%.

Aiming at the mechanism, regularity characterization, influence factors and inhibition of ingredient migration in propellants, gun propellants and explosives, the ingredient migration theories which are mainly driven by concentration gradient and polarity action were introduced. The characterization methods of migration ingredients amount and migration ability based on advanced analytical techniques and migration kinetics were summarized. The effects of temperature, intermolecular interactions, crosslinking density, steric hindrance, structure, and other factors on ingredient migration were elaborated. The migration inhibition methods including chemical synthesis, material modification, and additive methods were discussed. The development directions of establishing rapid and non-destructive characterization methods of ingredient migration, improving migration models and synthesizing new ingredients with high anti-migration performance were proposed.Attached with 79 references.

In view of the application defects caused by physical and chemical surface properties of nano-aluminum powder in the field of energetic materials, the controllable preparation methods, protection reactivity methods, and the changes in thermal and energy performance of nano-aluminum powder before and after protection were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of typical preparation methods and coating methods were compared, and the influence of coating layer on the thermal reactivity of modified system was analyzed. On this basis, the future development direction of nano-aluminum powder was put forward: developing methods to improve the dispersion of nano-aluminum powder in composite energetic materials; exploring the influence of the interfacial surface bonding method between the coating material and nano aluminum powder on the properties of the system; further application researching of modified nano aluminum powder. Future research should further concentrate on exploring the environmental compatibility of modified nano-aluminum powder to enhance its performance under complex conditions. 66 References are attached.

In order to improve the damping performances of suspension systems for tank and armored vehicle, a basic structure with"inerter-spring” quasi-zero stiffness is proposed. Dynamic simulation and parameter optimization of inerter continuous control and inerter on-off control are carried out with the parallel structure of inerter, spring and damper as suspension system. The results show that the vibration acceleration of vechile body is greatly reduced and the ride comfort is obviously improved with the quasi-zero stiffness control strategy. At the same time, the damping coefficient is reduced and the damping efficiency is improved. By analyzing the instantaneous power of each component in the process of suspension damping, it is found that the controllable inerter plays an role in energy compensation so that a part of the vibration energy can be transferred and converted dynamically and repeatedly between the spring and inerter, breaking through the traditional damping mechanism of spring buffer energy storage and damping heat generation energy consumption, and achieving better damping efficiency.

With the development of weapons and equipment towards diversification, versatility and systemization, modern warfare requires the increasingly high levels of command and decision-making in terms of overall planning, timeliness, and scientificity. The construction of task planning systems for major military powers is urgently needed and developed rapidly. In order to better promote the research of task planning systems, a comprehensive review is conducted on the tactical-level task planning methods. This paper reviews the development history of task planning systems and the methodological framework of tactical-level task planning, with a focus on summarizing the main implementation methods and future development directions of tactical-level task planning. In terms of the main implementation methods, the main methods involved in various aspects such as task description, task decomposition, task allocation and scheme evaluation are overviewed and analyzed. In terms of future development direction, the suggestions on standardization, universality, credibility, and other aspects are put forward.

点火过程是内弹道的初始阶段,但由于点火过程的复杂性以及点火机理仍然不完善,点火过程始终不能与内弹道有机结合,使得目前工程上的内弹道计算只能忽略点火过程而直接选择点火压强作为计算初始点。以零维内弹道理论为基础,建立了点火过程3个阶段,即点火诱导期、火焰传播期和充气期的简化理论模型,可以与零维内弹道有机结合,从而完成了内弹道从环境压强(而不是点火压强)开始计算的完整过程。通过实例计算与验证,该模型能够很好展示在点火阶段燃烧室压强的建立过程,并可以计算得到点火延迟时间、火焰传播时间、点火药流量等点火参数,具有较高的预示精度,满足工程计算要求。研究表明,建立的点火过程理论模型与传统零维内弹道一样计算简便快捷,并具有较好精度的工程应用化特点。研究结果对于完善固体火箭发动机内弹道理论、提高固体火箭发动机内弹道预示精度,均具有重要的实际应用意义。由于采用了简化的点火过程理论模型,该结果不能直接用于点火性能的研究,只能用于零维内弹道性能的预估与计算。

When using infrared imaging to detect the scenes of flames generated by high-temperature combustion of objects and high-temperature fragments generated by object explosions,the rapid increase in scene temperature within the infrared imaging field of view leads to an increase in the dynamic range of infrared imaging,the image saturation,the loss of detail information,and the submergence of weak targets by high-temperature backgrounds.Therefore,it is urgent to develop an anti-fire interference high dynamic infrared imaging detection technology.This article briefly introduces the current development status of high dynamic infrared imaging technology with anti-fire interference capability.On this basis,the development trend of high dynamic infrared imaging detection technology with anti-fire interference capability is analyzed.

From the perspectives of reducing the influence of external stimuli and optimizing the structural design of energetic materials, the desensitization mechanisms of single compound energetic materials under different desensitization strategies are reviewed, including buffering, lubrication, conduction, heat absorption and insulation, improving the quality of energetic crystals and enhancing the stability of energetic molecules. The comprehensive desensitization mechanisms of multi-dimensional desensitization strategies such as using multifunctional desensitization materials and coupling various desensitization means are analyzed. The development directions of desensitization of energetic materials in the future are put forward: to develop energetic materials with both high-energy and insensitive characteristics, to research the relationship between desensitization mechanism of energetic materials and operational environment, and to build up universal quantitative description models of sensitivity from the molecular scale, providing theoretical guidance and technical support for designing new high-energy insensitive energetic materials. 93 References were attached.

The dynamic and accurate tracking of the center-of-mass reference trajectory in complex terrain is crucial to ensure the stable execution of tasks for wheeled-legged hybrid platform. A dynamic locomotion control strategy is proposed to enhance the terrain adaptability and pose tracking capability of the platform. Taking into account terrain factors, a single rigid body dynamics model including wheel dynamics is established. The system dynamics model is then transformed into the standard form of state-space equations through an approximate simplification. Considering the coupled motion of the wheels and legs, a hybrid locomotion control method based on feedforward and feedback torques is introduced. The quadratic programming algorithm is used to solve the optimal ground reaction forces, and the Jacobian matrix is used to map these forces into the joints for feedforward torque generation. To address the external disturbances caused by the environment that may hinder the system's ability to perform optimization calculations in a short time frame, the joint torque feedback control is introduced to promptly correct the pose tracking errors. This enables the system to respond rapidly and accurately to the external disturbances, thus effectively improving its robustness and stability. Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances the dynamic pose tracking accuracy of the platform in complex terrains, ensuring smooth platform operation. This method provides strong support for the engineering application of wheeled-legged hybrid platforms in complex terrains.

The magnetic gradient tensor system (MGTS) is the application basis for detecting the full tensor gradient field of magnetic target. Regional magnetic anomalies leads to a magnetic gradient tensor field, which MGTS uses as an information source to achieve the magnetic gradient tensor measurement through the differential calculation between vector magnetic sensors. Compared to the magnetic total field and vector field detection equipment, MGTS has high resolution, large information content, and strong anti-interference ability, which can obtain more potential physical property information of targets. The progress of target detection technology based on MGTSs worldwide is studied to provide theoretical reference and technical support for the modernization and informatization construction of magnetic detection equipment in China. The development process and stages of modern magnetic detection technology are elaborated, and then the two types of MGTSs based on superconducting technology and flux gate method, as well as their applications areintroduced and summarized. The calibration, compensation, noise reduction, magnetic target positioning and recognition technologies of MGTSs are reviewed. Finally, the design ideas for future high-precision magnetic gradient tensor detection instruments are prospected, and the current problems and development trends of various key technologies for magnetic gradient tensor detection are summarized.

For solving the problems of nitrogen escape and splash in the droplet transfer process of high-nitrogen steel additive manufacturing, the experiment of droplet transfer in an ultrasonic frequency pulsed gas metal arc (UFP-GMA) additive manufacturing is carried out, and the influences of different ultrasonic frequency pulsed current superposition modes and pulse current frequencies on the stability of high-nitrogen steel droplet transfer are studied, The process parameters that can realize the stable droplet transfer of high-nitrogen steel additives were obtained. The experimental results show that the of one-pulse-one-droplet transfer can be realized under the pulsed gas metal arc (P-GMA) process conditions, but the transition stability is poor and the splash is obvious. Superimposing the ultrasonic frequency pulse current at the base current stage of P-GMA or both at the base and peak current stages is not conducive to the droplet transfer, and the problems such as short circuit and droplet explosion are prone to occur. When the low-frequency (20 kHz) pulse current is applied during the peak stage, its effect on droplet transfer is minimal. However, the medium-frequency (40-60 kHz) pulse currents can be superimposed to inhibit the generation of large particle splash, leading to improved stability in droplet transfer, but many small splashes will be formed during the transition when the frequency exceeds 60 kHz.

Thermobaric explosive is an fuel-rich explosive that can inflict severe damage to facilities and personnel in confined spaces due to the long-term pressure generated by explosion and combustion, as well as high-temperature fireballs. Thermobaric explosive involves the propagation of detonation waves in the charge, the scattering of fuel particles in space, and the subsequent combustion process of fuel particles. The coupling process of multi-scale, multi-material, multi-factor and multi-physical field causes the thermostatic damages, which is a significant area of damage research. This paper primarily discusses the research advances in the theoretical underpinnings of formulation design, the impact of formulation's primary components on thermobaric explosive performance and the performance evaluation of thermobaric explosive. It highlights that the future developments in thermobaric explosives will focus on the high chemical potential metal fuels and energy release techniques.Models for simulating the performance of thermobaric explosives should also be highly regarded. In conclusion, the formulation design based on large-scale data from simulations and tests will be a mainstay for driving the development of thermobaric explosives.

To investigate the propagation characteristics of detonation waves influenced by lateral expansion with weakly constrained boundaries in a narrow straight channel,a two-dimensional numerical simulation was conducted using H₂/O₂/Ar mixture as the fuel and a detailed chemical reaction mechanism consisting of 48 steps. The study examined the effects of type of weakly constrained gas,temperature,and height of combustible premixed gas on the propagation speed and wave structure of the detonation wave. It is found that using argon or products of combustion as weakly constrained gases has no significant impact on the lateral expansion extent and wave structure of the detonation wave. When the temperature of the weakly constrained gas is 1 000 K,1 500 K,and 2 000 K,the shock wave propagating within the products of combustion exceeds the detonation wave speed,resulting in the generation of an induced shock wave pointing towards the detonation wave. This induced shock wave leads to an increase in the velocity of the detonation wave. Increasing the temperature of the weakly constrained gas from 300 K to 500 K has no effect on the propagation characteristics of the detonation wave. Higher heights of combustible premixed gas results in less loss of velocity for the detonation wave,and there exists a minimum combustible premixed gas height that prevents the detonation wave from extinguishing. When the temperature of the weakly constrained gas is 300 K,the dimensionless critical propagation size of the detonation wave h/λ>0.13. The findings of this study are of significant importance for understanding the mechanisms of lateral expansion losses in detonation waves.

Maritime manned/unmanned collaborative systems play a crucial role in enhancing naval operational effectiveness and represent a significant direction in the development of modern naval equipment. This paper focuses on the development of maritime manned/unmanned collaborative systems, reviews the current developing status and relevant foreign projects, clarifies the main characteristics of the systems, condenses and analyzes the scientific issues and key technologies involved, and ultimately provides a comprehensive survey on the development of maritime manned/unmanned collaborative systems. In the future, intelligence, modularity and sparsity will become the important directions for the development of maritime manned/unmanned collaborative systems. However, due to the contradictions between system autonomy and controllability, the development of intelligence and maritime constraints, and the features of manned/unmanned collaboration and existing collaborative frameworks, the system will also face challenges in scale, diversity, security, and intelligence-related aspects.

In order to enhance the maximum dispersal speed of fuel during the explosion of fuel-air explosive (FAE) devices and achieve a more uniform speed distribution, the paper investigates the influences of detonation methods on the radial maximum speed of fuel dispersal in FAE device. Numerical simulation techniques are employed to analyze the influences above while maintaining the overall structure of the existing device. Specifically, the ALE algorithm implemented in LS-DYNA software is utilized to numerically simulate the fuel dispersal in a frustum-shaped FAE device. The changes in radial dispersal speeds of nodes located at identical positions under the conditions of single point initiation, multi-point initiation and approximate line initiation, are compared. The results demonstrate that positioning the initiation point closer to the unit exerts a restraining effect on the dispersal motion of the fuel within that specific element. Additionally, for a certain point on the fuel, the adoption of the approximate line initiation method proves effective in achieving a more uniform dispersal of fuel cloud and mist. This finding serves as a foundational step towards the further refinement of numerical simulations concerning FAE explosive fuel dispersal.

The current radar jamming decision-making method based on reinforcement learning sets the exploration rate parameter according to a single factor and fixed law,which leads to the increase in the number of confrontation rounds required for algorithm convergence.A reinforcement learning-based radar jamming decision-making method with adaptive setting of exploration rate is proposed.Based on the Metropolis parameter adjustment criterion of simulated annealing method,an adaptive setting criterion of exploration rate is derived from the number of radar operating states recognized by jammers,the number of jamming successes,the change rate of algorithm convergence curve and the jammer’s cognition of radar in the process of countermeasures.According to the effectiveness of jamming action,a jamming action space clipping strategy is designed to reduce the dimension of jamming action space and further improve the convergence speed of the algorithm.In the simulation experiment,two different radar working state diagrams are designed and compared by using the Q-learning algorithm.The simulated results show that the proposed method can achieve the adaptive setting of exploration rate when the radar working state transition relationship changes.Compared with the exploration rate setting scheme based on simulated annealing method,single factor and fixed law,the number of confrontation rounds required for the convergence of the proposed method in the two state diagrams is reduced by 18%,26%,45% and 42%,44%,48%,respectively.At the same time,it can also obtain greater benefits and higher jamming success rate,which provides a new idea of exploration rate setting for multi-functional radar jamming decision-making based on reinforcement learning.

To address the issues of systemic inadequacies, lack of correlation, and insufficient consideration of complexity in the effectiveness evaluation of land-based intelligent unmanned combat systems, a graph convolutional network (GCN)-based effectiveness evaluationframework is proposed. The framework aims to leverage GCN technology to precisely evaluate the performance of intelligent unmanned combat systems. A comprehensive set of evaluation index systemis established according to the characteristics of land-based intelligent combat, and this system is mapped onto a graph network structure, enabling a highly abstract representation of the unmanned combat system in complex operational environments. The big data analytics and expert knowledge areused to preprocess and engineer the initial dataset for optimizing the quality of input data. The hierarchical structure of the evaluation index system and the interrelationships among its components are deeply explored by applying GCN's semi-supervised learning mode, thereby achieving a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of land-based intelligent unmanned combat systems. This evaluation framework addresses numerous issues existingin the current evaluation of these systems, offering a dynamic, systematic, and comprehensive solution that demonstrates the application potential of GCN in the field of military technology.

In order to reduce the characteristic signal of solid propellant, while maintaining the total solid content of the formulation at 84%, the aluminum powder content is gradually decreased from 16% to 4%. Laser ignition combustion tests and condensed phase combustion product analysis were carried out, and the influence of metallic aluminum content on the combustion characteristics of solid propellants was obtained. The results show that with the gradual decrease of aluminum content, the overall combustion stability of the HTPB propellant weakens, the flame oscillation amplitude and the ignition delay time increase, the linear combustion time becomes longer, and the combustion temperature decreases. With the reduction of aluminum content, the aluminum agglomeration at the burning surface gradually develop from conventional ‘molten aluminum agglomeration balls' to ‘flakes'. After ultrasonic dispersion, particle size analysis shows that the size and number of large particle agglomerates are decreasing. Moreover, the combustion efficiency increases first and then decreases with the increase of aluminum content, and is optimal at the aluminum powder content of 8%, reaching 88.1%.

According to the demand of axial cold launch,an axial cold ejection device using high-pressure nitrogen as ejection energy was designed to avoid the pollution of the internal space of the platform. The structure composition,working principle and main design points of the axial cold ejection system were introduced. By using the ideal gas equation of state,mass and energy conservation equation and aerodynamics,the mathematical models were established for the high-pressure chamber,low-pressure chamber,valve port gas flow,and missile motion of the axial cold ejection system. In order to improve the separation speed and reduce the overload peak,based on the established mathematical models and the internal ballistics structural-parameters,VB language was used to program. Through simulation calculation and analysis,the main structural parameters of the ejection system such as cylinder initial pressure,volume,initial volume of low-pressure chamber,electromagnetic valve orifice,natural frequency,damping ratio and piston diameter,were studied to determine the impact on missile separation speed and launch overload. The influence of various structural-parameters change on the missile separation parameters was found,and the mechanism of the influence laws was analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of the structural parameters of ejection system,and provides a theoretical reference and basis for the internal ballistics design of the same type of axial cold ejection launcher.

Aiming at the pyrolysis and combustion process of the near burning surface of the pasty propellant, the laser ignition combustion experiment of the pasty propellant were carried out. At the same time, the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of the near burning surface region of the pasty propellant were studied based on the multiphase chemical reaction numerical solver developed by the research group and the 14-component and 14-primitive chemical reaction equation. The macroscopic structure of propellant combustion flame was obtained through experiments and the burning rate of the pasty propellant was measured under constant pressure conditions. The combustion flame structure and chemical reaction sequence of the pasty propellant under constant pressure conditions were analyzed by numerical calculations. The effects of different ambient pressure on the combustion process of the pasty propellant were calculated. The results show that the fitted burning rate curve was in good agreement with the experimental results. In the range of experimental pressure, the burning rate of propellant in the combustion chamber of pasty rocket engine could be predicted well. The decomposition of AP is the first reaction in the combustion of pasty propellant, and the higher ambient pressure limited the diffusion of primary combustion gases, but enhanced the thermal feedback effect on the pasty domain, which increased the burning rate of the pasty propellant.

The overload signal of penetrating projectile is of vital importance to reflect the physical process of penetration, which further helps to reveal the mechanism of penetration resistance and the structural response of projectile. It is also an important basis for designing the projectile-fuze system and achieving the precise target strikes.The overload signal is divided into four components: rigid body deceleration, structural response of projectile, response of connection structure and interference signals of sensors. The sources and characteristics of the four components are introduced, and the modeling and evaluation methods for the vibration and sensor-related signals of projectile-fuze system are discussed. For analyzing the components of overload signals, the low pass filtering, mechanical filtering, modal decomposition, wavelet transform, and blind source separation methods are discussed respectively. The accuracies, adaptabilities, real-time performances, and applicabilities of the methods above are also compared. The real-time requirements for overload signal processing, the signal reconstruction methods, the form of rigid body deceleration in complex penetration environments and the challenges brought by high-speed penetration scenario are discussed. Based on the current research status of overload signals processing of penetrating projectiles, the existing problems and possible future research directions are summarized.

To support the theoretical design of the hypersonic missile's terminal effect and meet the development demand of penetration mechanics theory of non-circular projectiles, the penetration mechanism of non-circular projectilesis a key scientific problem required to be solved. A comprehensive review is conducted on the penetration behavior, penetration mechanism, ballistic stability, and structural response of non-circular projectiles.It is a review and summary of the existing research work, aiming to establish a basic framework for researching the penetration problem of non-circular projectiles.Moreover, the new phenomena and mechanisms introduced by the structural changes of non-circular projectiles are highlighted. Three suggestions for the future research of the non-circular projectiles are put forward for the reference of relevant researchers.

The cavity flow and ballistic characteristics of a supercavitating projectile with tail fin under the action of transverse flow when entering water are studied. The vertical water-entry process of the projectile under the transverse flow interference is numerically simulated by using the overlapping mesh technique and a 6DoF dynamic model, and the influence of transverse flow on the cavitation shape, hydrodynamic characteristics and trajectory characteristics of the projectile during water entry is analyzed. The results show that the effect of transverse flow restricts the radial development of cavitation bubble on the windward side, but promotes the expansion of cavitation bubble on the leeward side, shifting the overall cavitation shape along the flow direction. As a result, the wetted area of the windward shoulder and tail fin of projectile is increased, and the distribution of the pressure field near the wetted area is changed, making the amplitude frequency of the projectile’s tail fin beat much greater than that in the absence of transverse flow. The intensification of tail fin beat motion inside the cavitation bubble increases the lift/drag coefficient and accelerates the attenuation of the projectile velocity. Besides, the deflection of cavitation shape along the flow direction causes the swing amplitude of pitch angle on the leeward side to be greater than that on the windward side, thus resulting in a deviation of the ballistic trajectory. Therefore, the transverse flow significantly impacts the trajectory and attitude angle of projectile.

Recoilless launch can reduce recoil effectively,but it causes the reduction in low muzzle velocity.To resolve the conflict between muzzle velocity and recoil force,a reverse jet recoilless scheme based on combustible cartridge and electromagnetic induction ignition is proposed.Energy is transmitted to the ignition head through electromagnetic induction,which ignites the fast-burning propellant and combustible cartridge in the chamber to provide the launch energy.After reaching a certain level of pressure,the Laval nozzle is opened,and gas is sprayed backwards to balance the forward impulse of projectile.For high muzzle velocity recoilless launch,the loading density and chamber pressure are high,and the interior ballistics is prone to instability.To increase the stability of interior ballistics,a classic interior ballistic model during the shooting process is established,The performance of interior ballistics is analyzed and the stability of interior trajectory is studied through numerical simulation.The ballistic test research was conducted to verify the proposed scheme.The results show that the proposed scheme.can be used to reduce the recoil impulse to below 1.5N·s without reducing the muzzle velocity of projectile.The scheme can provide new ideas for the future development of light weapons.

In order to obtain the optimal casting process parameters of HTPB composite solid propellant, the constitutive model for the flow process of propellant slurry was established based on the rheological properties of HTPB propellant slurry adopting a combination of experimental and theoretical simulation methods. The casting process of HTPB composite propellant slurry was simulated by using the finite element software, and the reliability of the simulation results was verified through experiments. Moreover, the casting process of the propellant slurry was optimized and the optimal casting process parameters were obtained. The results show that HTPB propellant is a typical pseudoplastic fluid, and its viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. The porosity and the casting time are 12.5% and 11.25%, respectively after comparison of experiment and simulation. Among them, temperature has the most significant impact on casting time, and vacuum degree has the most significant impact on porosity.

The traditional detection methods have the disadvantages of inaccurate feature extraction and low detection efficiency when processing the complex and dynamic flight trajectory data with real-time change in data length. An proposed flight trajectory anomaly detection method using the gradient-based optimization of long short-term memory network and support vector data description model based on gradient training algorithm optimization (LSTM-GBSVDD)is proposed. The LSTM network is used to extract the key features of variable-length flight trajectories and convert them into a fixed-length sequence representation. A multidimensional hypersphere classifier is constructed using the SVDD algorithm, which is used to model the normal flight trajectories and identify the potentially abnormal flight trajectories. To further improve model performance, a gradient-based training algorithm (GB) is introduced to jointly train the parameters of LSTM and SVDD, which greatly improves the detection accuracy and computational efficiency. The simulated results show that the proposed flight trajectory anomaly detection method using the gradient-based optimization of long short-term memory network and support vector data description model based on gradient training algorithm optimization (LSTM-GBSVDD) has good effectiveness and superiority in dealing with complex and changeable flight trajectory anomaly detection tasks, and has good application prospects.

Personnel are a critical factor in warfare.The damage effects of three types of damage elements,namely,shock wave,thermal effect and fragments,against personnel,are assessed based on the anti-personnel criterion through numerical simulation,experiment and theoretical computation tools.A damage zone of shockwave overpressure against personnel is delineated,and the relationship between scaled blast distance and personnel damage level is established,resulting in the minimum scaled blast distance of damage to personnel being 8.155m/kg^1/3.The spatial distribution of explosion thermal effect is calculated,and the free-field non-fuel air explosive or thermobaric bombs are not suitable for separate assessment of thermal effect on the personnel killing effect is put forward.The generation process of fragments is numerically simulated to obtain the quality,quantity and velocity of fragments.The simulated results are compared with the theoretically calculated results to assess the damage effect of the specific kinetic energy of fragments to personnel.The conclusions can provide reference for the design of warhead and the protection of battlefield personnel.

Unexploded ordnance refers to ammunition that has been disarmed, detonated, ignited or otherwise prepared for use or has been used, and has not exploded due to fuze failure, functional failure, design defects or other reasons after igniting, throwing, launching or burying for various reasons. The research status of safety disposal technology of unexploded ordnance at home and abroad is described,the unexploded ordnance detection technologies, such as magnetic detection, sound-magnetic compound detection and optical detection, and the non-contact disposal and destruction technology principles, such as burning treatment, blasting destruction, cutting treatment, are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different detection and disposal technologies and their application scenarios are summarized. At last, it is pointed out that the detection and disposal technologies of underwater unexploded ordnance are the focus of the current national defense field, and also the research hotspot. The research on key technologies of safe disposal of unexploded ordnance can provide theoretical basis for unmanned, safe and environmentally friendly detection and disposal of unexploded ordnance in the future.

By comparing the differences in the physical and chemical properties, such as the enthalpy of formation and phase transition temperatures of the fluorinated/oxidized products of metal fuels, the characteristics and potential application advantages of fluorination energy release reactions in energetic systems were summarized. The research progress of composite energetic systems based on fluorinated oxidizers, including typical types and characteristics of fluorinated oxidants, as well as their applications in pyrotechnics, propellants, mixed explosives, and aluminum thermites has been reviewed. The research and development direction of the application of fluorine-containing oxidizers in composite energetic systems was prospected. It is pointed out that the systematic computational chemistry research on composite energetic systems based on different fluorine sources should be conducted to understand the thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of fluorination reactions and their structure-activity relationships at the atomic/molecular level. Furthermore, research should also be intensified on the fluorine transfer mechanism in combustion reactions and the interfacial fluorine infiltration mechanism under pre-ignition conditions. Based on this, new typical fluorine-containing oxidizers suitable for different scenarios should be developed from the view point of nano architectonics and reaction pathway design. Attached with 137 references.

The control strategy of traditional tank bidirectional stabilizers is difficult to effectively deal with the coupling,nonlinearity and uncertainty in the new generation of all-electric bidirectional stabilizers,while the model-based nonlinear control can make full use of a priori information from the dynamic model of the system to enhance the control effect.Based on this,an electromechanical coupled dynamics model of an all-electric bidirectional stabilizer taking the actuator dynamics into account is established,and a nonlinear sliding mode control method based on neural network compensation is proposed.The sliding mode surface and the improved sliding mode robust control law based on hyperbolic tangent function are introduced to construct the nonlinear sliding mode control function,which can effectively eliminate the system oscillations and improve the system stability.Meanwhile,the multilayer neural network technique is deeply fused to accurately estimate the uncertainty in the system and make compensation for the feedforward,thereby avoiding high-gain feedback.It is rigorously demonstrated by the stability theory based on Lyapunov functions that the proposed control strategy can achieve the asymptotic stability performance of tank all-electric bidirectional stabilizer with continuous control inputs.A co-simulation environment and a semi-physical experimental platform are built.The superiority of the proposed control strategy is verified through a large number of comparative experiments.

Operational command decision-making is the core content of joint combat activities and the key to the success of joint combat action. The paper aims to fundamentally solve the problem about “weak command and decision-making ability of combined formation” from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Based on the systematic analysis of formation operational command decision-making, the bounded rationality decision-making is scientifically mapped from the perspective of dual-process theory. A function model of bounded rationality decision-making is constructed, the types of bounded rationality decision-making are divided, and the cognitive deviation of bounded rationality decision-making is identified. An intelligent hybrid decision-making framework is proposed for warship formation operational command. The strategy of enhancing the bounded rationality decision-making ability of formation operational command is formed. The results show that the research framework is scientific, effective and intelligent, and can greatly improve the commander’s operational decision-making ability. It provides strong theoretical and technical support for the development of the next generation auxiliary decision support system.

The working principles and recent technological advancements of high-speed photography, spectroscopic testing, laser interferometry, and terahertz Doppler wave measurement techniques were introduced. Also, the application of these techniques in the field of explosive detonation testing was discussed. Among them, high-speed photography and laser interferometry are widely used in the measurement of detonation velocity, pressure, and shock initiation. Spectroscopic testing is mainly applied to detonation temperature measurement and detonation product composition analysis, while terahertz Doppler wave measurement is employed for explosive detonation wave measurement. The advantages and disadvantages of optical-electronic testing techniques in detonation performance research and provided an outlook on the future development of detonation performance testing technologies were analyzed. It is concluded that strengthening the study of micro-scale testing technologies for explosives, expanding the application of current optical-electronic testing techniques, and integrating data processing with big data technologies are key areas for future research in explosive detonation performance. 128 References were attached.

In view of the technical challenges brought by the industrialization and engineering application of resonance acoustic mixing(RAM)technology, the current state of researches on application effect, efficiency, safety and influencing factors of RAM was summarized, and the development directions in the future are prospected. RAM technology can not only be applied to simple mixing to achieve uniform dispersion of material components, but also can be applied to chemical reaction, cocrystal, surface treatment and other aspects because of its advantage of efficient interface contact among mixed materials; In its applicable fields, RAM has obvious efficiency and scale-up advantages, and the maximum efficiency can even be improved by hundreds of times compared with the traditional process, and there is almost no scaling effect; moreover, because of its lower shear characteristics without paddle, compared with vertical kneaders, screws, mills and other high shear devices, the structural integrity of the material is better maintained, which is conducive to process the sensitive and hazardous materials. At present, research mainly focuses on the laboratory experiment and lacks unified mechanism cognition on some processing phenomena. In the future, further research should be carried out on the process mechanism, scale-up characteristics, and comprehensive efficiency, so as to accelerate the engineering application of RAM.100 References are attached.

Explosive smoke bombs are of great significance in countering the infrared-guided weapons and protecting the high-value military targets. At present, most of the smoke simulation models do not take into account the vector information of explosion and the near-ground particle diffusion effect, and the authenticity of the explosion smoke simulation is low in the near-ground scene where the wall effect and the air turbulence phenomenon are significant. For the poor simulation accuracy of explosive smoke bomb in near-earth scene, a simulation method of explosive smoke bomb structure model in near-ground scene is proposed. This method uses the particle position information to replace the life cycle of the particle model. Based on the Gaussian puff model, a near-ground smoke explosion model considering the explosion flying direction of bomb and the wall effect is constructed to improve the simulation accuracy of near-ground smoke bomb explosion scene. The structural similarity (SSIM) analysis is used on the simulated image. After the best parameter selection experiment, the SSIM value reaches 0.944 3 and the standard deviation is ±0.000 5. The SSIM value of the proposed model is 0.011 2, 0.132 9 and 0.006 3higher than those of the particle system-Gaussian smoke model, ellipsoid explosion model and explosive smoke bomb model，respectively.The experimental results shows that the proposed model has clear direction information in smoke simulation, stronger ability to express the details of smoke turbulence and wall effect, and higher accuracy in the simulation of near-ground smoke bomb explosion scene.

With the progress of information technology,the human-computer interaction modes of armored vehicles have been constantly updated.In order to explore the mission performance of occupant in new multimodal interaction and guide the design of multimodal operation and warning modes of future armored vehicles,a human-computer interaction experimental system which integrates multimodal interaction and adjusts the environmental load is established.Based on this system,20 adult males were recruited to conduct an ergonomics experiment involving operation (input) mode,warning (output) mode and environmental load level. The simulated target hitting experiments under different experimental conditions are performed in a virtual experimental platform,and the mission performances of occupants are analyzed.The experimental results show that the reaction time of occupant under mechanical input is the shortest and the operation error rate is the highest compared with those under touch input or voice input.The mission completion time of occupant under mechanical input and touch input is much shorter than that under voice input.Compared to the single modal visual (V) warning,the visual+tactile (V+T) dual-modal warning superimposed with tactile warning is used to significantly shorten the reaction time of occupant,while the visual+auditory (V+A) dual-modal warning superimposed with auditory warning has no significant difference.V+T or V+A dual-modal warning can significantly shorten the mission completion time of occupant.For the influence of environmental load,the mission performance of crew under low environmental load is significantly higher than that under high environmental load.As the environmental load increases,superimposing A warning in V+T warning will cause warning redundancy.The research can provide a practical basis for the design of multi-modal human-computer interaction in the armored vehicle cabin.

To address the precise attitude control of a serial wheel-legged robot,a motion control framework with offset-free model predictive control as the core is proposed.Firstly,a concentrated center-of-mass dynamics model is established,which considers the mass distribution of body,legs,and wheels.Based on the concept of active disturbance rejection control,the unmodeled characteristics of the model are treated as disturbances,and an extended state observer is established to estimate and compensate for the unmodeled characteristics.Furthermore,the joint control is introduced to solve the problem that the wheels are easy to roll and cause leg abduction during attitude adjustment,and an additional wheel control strategy is designed to assist in constraining the leg state.The hardware experiments are conducted on the serial wheel-legged robot.The results show that the proposed motion control framework can accurately track the desired attitude signal,effectively suppress the terrain disturbances and external force disturbances,and ensure the driving stability and disturbance resistance capability of the robot.

In order to improve the safety performance of HMX, HMX/FOX-7 nano-cocrystals with different molar ratios were prepared by the ultra-low-temperature-assisted recrystallization method, where FOX-7 with low sensitivity was used as another component of the binary cocrystal. The morphology, structure, and thermal properties of the prepared HMX/FOX-7 cocrystals were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR and DSC-TG, and their mechanical sensitivities were analyzed. The results show that the prepared HMX/FOX-7 crystals are mainly porous structure stacked with spherical particles, and their particle sizes are distributed primarily in the range of 0.1—0.5μm. During the formation of HMX/FOX-7 nano-cocrystals, the “low-temperature freezing” of the HMX/FOX-7 solution from liquid nitrogen and the formation of hydrogen bonding among HMX and FOX-7 have an significant influence on the formation of HMX/FOX-7 nano-cocrystals. The apparent thermal decomposition enthalpies of HMX/FOX-7 nanocrystals is significantly higher than that of the raw HMX and FOX-7, and increases with the increase of HMX content. The mechanical sensitivity of each HMX/FOX-7 nano-cocrystal is substantially reduced compared with that of the raw HMX. When the molar ratio of HMX and FOX-7 is 1:3, the prepared HMX/FOX-7 cocrystal has the lowest mechanical sensitivity, where the impact sensitivity is higher than 45J and the friction sensitivity is 288N.

Amphibious aircraft inevitably suffers from the hydrodynamic impact of waves and other complex sea conditions during taxiing on the water surface, and in serious cases, the fuselage structure may be deformed and destroyed, which threatens the safety of airframe and aircrew. The structured arbitrary Lagrange-Euler (S-ALE) method is used to investigate the hydrodynamic response of amphibious aircraft during taxiing on a wavy water surface by taking a domestic large-scale amphibious aircraft as the research object. A coupled fluid-structure simulation method based on S-ALE and penalty function contact algorithm is established, and a numerical wave pool is generated and simulated by using the physically imitated push-plate wave-making mode and the mass-damped wave dissipation method, and the hydrodynamic characteristics and wave resistance of the aircraft during taxiing on calm and wavy surfaces are investigated, respectively. The results show that the S-ALE method can effectively simulate the dynamic response of amphibious aircraft taxiing on water surface; the attitude angle of aircraft taxiing at a steady speed of 19.4m/s under a wave height of 1.2m is 7°, and the corresponding resonance wavelength is two or three times of the fuselage length. When the ratio of the airplane fuselage to the wavelength is 1, the vertical overload becomes bigger and bigger under the environment of 1.8m wave height, and will gradually converges under the wave height of 1.2 m. While the changes of the wave height have no obvious effect on the pitch and heave of the aircraft.