Micro-chemical technology is one of the important ways to realize the green, safe and efficient chemical process based on the characteristics of controllable flow and high efficiency of mixing and transferring under microscale. Based on microchemical technology, a series of explosives and energetic additives were synthesized, such as 1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole, 3,4-dinitropyridine, nitro-guanidine, dinitro-naphthalene, nitrifying diethylene glycol and nitrifying triethylene glycol, trihydroxy- methylethane trinitrate, 1,2-propanediol dinitrate, and isooctyl nitrate. CL-20 microspheres and NC spherical propellants were also prepared by microchemical technology. Stainless steel or glass material microchannel reactors, including inner cross toe parallel multilayer HPIMM micromixer, glass microchannel reactor, G1 type pulse mixed microreactor, chip microreactor, SIMM microreactor, were used. These reactors realized high efficiency mixing transfer of materials and improved reaction efficiency and process safety.

In order to understand and control the foaming rate of ammonium nitrate-sodium nitrite reaction in emulsion explosives, reaction mechanism and kinetics in this reaction process were studied by weight loss and gas measurement methods. The results show that acid could be used as catalyst to accelerate the whole reaction process. Under the condition of acid as catalyst, the reaction rate increases with the increase of experimental temperature, and the reaction conforms to Arrhenius model. The activation energy is 57.87 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor is 1.48×10⁶mol/L·s. By comparing the experimental and calculated values, the reaction kinetics equation is reasonable. Therefore, it provides a theoretical benchmark for the control of chemical sensitization reaction rate in practical production.

In order to comprehensively study the thermal safety of DNAN, physical and chemical properties of DNAN were analyzed from molecular structure and DSC. Burning response of explosives at 220℃, 230 ℃ and 240 ℃ was analyzed by using a self-designed thermal sensitivity test device and a 1L burning test device. The change of large-scale burning process of explosives was observed. The safety of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive was verified by low vulnerability test in lilogram scale. The results show that the molecular structure of DNAN is stable, the thermal decomposition reaction takes place at 365.1 ℃, and the burst point at 5 s is 374.1 ℃. The activation energy is 215.0 kJ/mol. Cook-off process of DNAN goes through four stages which are solid-liquid phase change stage, slow thermal decomposition stage, fast thermal decomposition stage and eruption-ignition stage. The good thermal safety of DNAN enables the reaction of DNAN-based melt-cast explosive steady under thermal stimulation, which lays a foundation for its application in low vulnerability explosive.

Polyisobutylene succinic anhydride (PIBSA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200 were used as raw materials to synthesize polyisobutylene succinic polyethylene glycol ester which could be used as emulsifier in emulsion explosives. The structure of the product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy. Single factor variable method was used to examine a series of conditions that affect the reaction, such as temperature, catalyst, composition ratio of raw materials and so on. The optimal process conditions for synthesizing polyisobutylene succinic polyethylene glycol ester were determined. Results show that, when esterification temperature is 190 ℃, esterification time is 6 hours, and esterification catalyst is NaHCO₃ with a mass fraction of 2%, polyisobutylene succinic polyethylene glycol1 ester in high quality can be obtained. The emulsifying power of this emulsifier is better than Span80, and the thermal stability of the prepared latex matrix is better than that of the latex matrix prepared with Span80 or T152.

In order to understand the thermal hazards of triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) during actual storage and transportation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study thermal behaviors of TATB in confined system and the thermal decomposition kinetics of TATB was solved by model fitting method. The results show that the thermal decomposition can be described by two-step parallel reactions, an N-order reaction for the first stage F→P₁, and an autocatalytic reaction for the second stage F→P₂. Based on this model, the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) was predicted. Results show that, compared with packaging materials, the loading amount had a greater impact on SADT. The prediction results of adiabatic curve under the ideal condition of Φ= 1?show that adiabatic induction period at initial temperature of 200 ℃ is close to 450 h. Besides, it takes about 4 900 years for TCL to reach the conversion rate of 0.5% under isothermal temperature of 100 ℃.

A new binder system was used to improve the forming performance of CL-20 based aluminized PBX explosive with high detonation heat. Through the study of process optimization, the optimal mechanical dry mixing process condition was obtained as duration of 20-30 min within the temperature range of 70-85 ℃ and the best pressuring operation was confirmed as holding time of 60 minutes at charge temperature of 85 ℃ and under specific pressure of 3 300 kg/cm². Detonation heat, vacuum stability, explosion point and environmental adaptability of the new formula were tested. Results show that the new formula has high detonation heat, good thermal safety, environmental adaptability and reliability. Density and detonation heat of the new formula are 2.041g/cm³ and 8 834.3J/g respectively.

In order to meet the development demand of the insensitive explosives, a slow cook-off system was designed and fabricated based on GJB 772A—1997 and industry standards. The system consisted of a control software developed by LabVIEW program and several typical hardware, including controller, data acquisition card, thermocouple, digital I/O card. According to US military standard MIL—STD—2105D and the domestic industry standard, the applicability of the system was studied experimentally. RDX-based and HMX-based component explosives, two typical explosives, were tested by employing this system. Results showed that this system had a good feasibility in an extensive temperature range. Correlation coefficient of fitting test date could be up to 0.999 8. Specifically, this system presented high precision in a linear heating up process when the heating rates were 0.055, 0.200, 1.000, 2.000 ℃/min and 3.000 ℃/min respectively. Compared with RDX-based component explosive, the response of HMX-based component explosive is moderated. This slow cook-off system could satisfy the experimental requirements, which provided an effective mean for studying the thermal insensitivity of the component explosives.

In order to meet with the requirement of adjustable power of explosive materials for door or barrier breaking in anti-terrorism operations and to deal with the quick adjustment against the target which cannot be realized by current available design and method, a new scheme of fast power adjusting of shaped charge was proposed by alternating the air height between liner and explosive. By numerical simulation and theoretical verification, energy output of two conical angle structures with different spacing between charge and liner were analyzed, calculated and theoretically decomposed. The results show that penetration depth of the jet decreases with the increase of the distance between liner and explosive. When space height is more than 0.5D, penetration depth would reduce to lower than 20% of the original value. The scheme can stably adjust the power of shaped charge and provide scheme support for engineers.

JP-10 has features of high fuel density, good comprehensive performance and low cost. Based on the background of FAE weapons, especially on the screening of liquid fuels, experiments were carried out to study the explosion characteristics of JP-10 fuel in self-designed detonation tube, as well as the blast parameters in unconfined space. Experimental results show that the peak value of blast overpressure for JP-10 fuel in shock tube is 0.6 MPa. In unconfined space, the blast overpressure in cloud zone for JP-10 fuel is higher than diethyl ether, meanwhile the high temperature duration (over 1 000 ℃) is twice of diethyl ether with a peak value of 1 366.9 ℃. The data obtained indicates that JP-10 fuel, with its high colorific value, will enhance the thermal damage effect of FAE weapons.

The imperfection of two typical formulas for predicting the peak velocity of blasting vibration were analyzed and compared in order to get the accurate results to prevent the occurrence of blasting vibration disasters and accidents. Relationship between vibration velocity attenuation and rock tensile strength in urban blasting under the effect of group holes was discussed. The dimensions of 8 main influencing factors, extracted through blasting vibration velocity attenuation analysis, were used to derive the multivariate nonlinear mathematical model of blasting vibration velocity attenuation considering the tensile strength of rock mass. Combined with the monitoring data, nonlinear regression analysis was carried out using the software of 1st0pt. Results show that the average relative error of the predicted value by the improved formula are 2.81%, 10.56% and 4.42% respectively at three sites, which are lower than these by the traditional prediction formula. This verifys the correctness of the derived mathematical model and its reliability as a reference for the study of blasting vibration disaster prevention.

Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation in system engineering was used to evaluate the blasting quality of bench blasting in open pit. The hierarchy was analysed. Influence factors and weight of blasting quality evaluation were determined. A quality evaluation model of multi-factor two-level structure with 12 indexes in two levels and three units was established. The systematic evaluation of blasting technology quality under the integration of mine cost was realized. This model was validated in a mine in Liaoning Province. Results show that the evaluation model could be used to evaluate blasting quality of engineering, and the expected effect is achieved. It has a certain promotion value.