High energy explosives are the source of energy for the destruction of various weapons and ammunition. Study on the damage and ignition characteristics of high-energy explosives (condensed phase explosives) is of great significance for the safety of weapons and ammunition. The research progress on the damage and ignition characteristics of condensed phase explosives was introduced from four aspects: molding process, experimental simulation of damage, observation and characterization of damage, and damage-ignition correlation. Firstly, the influence of molding processes such as press-fitting, pouring, and melting and casting on the initial damage of the charge was explored. Secondly, the generation of damage, experimental simulation, observation and characterization methods of damage during the use of condensed phase explosives were summarized. Furthermore, the damage-hot spot-ignition process of explosives was analyzed in terms of the typical types of damage. Finally, based on the analysis of the current research status, the future development trends and challenges of damage-ignition characteristics of condensed phase explosives were proposed.

In order to study the influence of shear parameters on stability and explosive performance of mixed emulsion explosives, mixed emulsion explosives produced in a ground station in an open-pit coal mine in Xinjiang was studied. Emulsification process and shear parameters of mixed emulsion explosives were optimized by the methods such as natural storage, transportation vibration, and explosive performance testing. The results indicate that, within a certain range, the anti-vibration and natural storage stability of emulsion matrix are positively correlated with shear strength. The emulsion matrix prepared with turbine blades has the best stability, followed by the emulsion matrix prepared with propulsion blades and propeller blades. As the length of the stirring blade or the number of blade layers increases, crystallization rate of the emulsion matrix shows a decreasing trend, and the stability is higher. The on-site blasting test results show that, using optimized emulsification technology and shear parameters, the mixed emulsion explosive has a detonation speed of about 4 200 m/s. After a long-distance transportation of 1 000 km, it can still detonate stably. And the rock fragmentation and block rate significantly decrease after explosion, resulting in a significant improvement in the blasting outcomes.

In order to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics and thermal safety of polymer bonded explosives (PBX), the accuracy of two small weight experiments in predicting the self accelerated decomposition temperature (SADT) of PBX was investigated. The thermal decomposition behaviors of a typical RDX based PBX were studied simultaneously using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and adiabatic accelerated calorimetry (ARC), and thermodynamic parameters and thermal safety parameters of PBX were calculated. Based on Semenov theory, SADT of PBX under the two thermal analysis methods was further calculated, and the accuracy of the results was verified by isothermal storage experiments. DSC analysis results show that activation energy of PBX is 125.70 kJ/mol, critical temperature for thermal explosion is 460.08 K, non return temperature T_NR at the 10 g level is 417.22 K, and SADT is 405.72 K. ARC analysis results show that T_NR of PBX at the 10 g level is 427.97 K, and SADT is 421.57 K. Through a 7-day constant temperature thermal explosion test, the minimum SADT of PBX was determined to be 418.15 K, proving that predicting the thermal safety of large weight samples based on ARC small weight test is more in line with the actual situation. It can be used to solve the safety issues of explosives during storage, production, transportation, and use.

Aluminum containing explosives (dull black aluminum, DHL) have issues with safety and energy output. An insensitive single-compound explosive FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) was used as the main explosive, high-purity ultrafine amorphous boron powder (B) was used as the high-energy fuel, ammonium perchlorate (AP) was used as the oxidant and gas generator, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was used as the binder, and microcrystalline wax was used as the desensitizer. Based on relevant theories, the optimization design of the explosive formula was carried out. Finally, a formula based on impact sensitivity was adopted, and a mixed explosive was prepared by wet ballmilling-assisted solvent evaporation method. The packing density of this explosive is 1.469 g/cm³, with an impact sensitivity of 10%, a friction sensitivity of 12%, a detonation heat of 8 092.9 kJ/kg, and a five-second delay period of 303 ℃. Vacuum stability of the explosive is qualified, and the thermal stability is good. Therefore, this explosive is an insensitive high-energy explosive that can replace DHL explosives.

In order to investigate the influence of additives with different properties on the fire suppression performance of water mist on single base propellant, a comparative experiment of single base propellant combustion and suppression was conducted on a self-built platform. It compared the performance of pure water mist and water mist containing Na₂SO₃, FeCl₂, K₂CO₃ and KHCO₃ additives in suppressing the combustion of single base propellants. Changes in temperature, radiant heat flux, and flame morphology during the fire suppression process were studied. The results show that the fire suppression performances of water mist containing reducing additives (Na₂SO₃, FeCl₂) or non-reducing additives (K₂CO₃, KHCO₃) are significantly better than that of pure water mist, with shorter extinguishing time. The performances of water mist containing non-reducing additives in suppressing single base propellant fires is poor at low concentrations. When the mass fraction of nonreducing additives rises above 3%, the fire extinguishing ability is significantly improved. The fire suppression performances of water mist containing reducing additive are superior to that of water mist containing nonreducing additive at all concentrations. In addition, as the increase of the concentration of reducing additive, the fire suppression performance is saturated.

The reliability of digital electronic detonators in high-altitude environments is poor. The effects of low pressure, high and low temperature cycling conditions on five types of electronic control modules, A (tantalum capacitor), B (electrolytic capacitor), C (electrolytic capacitor), D (tantalum capacitor), and E (tantalum capacitor), were studied at 52 kPa from -40 to 15 ℃. The voltage changes of five types of ignition capacitors in each stage of the ignition process were tested. The ignition powers of the five kinds of electronic detonators were tested by the lead plate method after the cycle test of low pressure and high temperature difference. The results show that the conditions of 52 kPa from -40 to 15 ℃ have no effect on Modules A, B, D, and E, while Module C experiences insufficient capacitor charging. It has no effect on the power of the detonator.

A new type of linear shaped charge structure was adopted to study the influence of stand-off on the damage of linear shaped charge jet on concrete walls. In numerical simulations, it has found that when the cone angles of the shaped charge are 80° and 50°, it can effectively avoid the phenomenon of pulling and breaking. The variation law of jet head velocity and penetration depth with stand-off for linear shaped charge structure was obtained. The optimal penetration depth reaches 130.6 mm when the stand-off is 60 mm. Experimental study was conducted on linear shaped charge with stand-off of 60 mm and 100 mm. The results show that when the stand-off is 100 mm, the penetration depth reaches 125.0 mm, which is in good agreement with the simulation results. The linear shaped charge structure has been verified to have a good destructive effect on concrete walls. It can provide reference for the design and experimental research of linear shaped charge structures.

In order to study the perforation process of perforating charge into rock strata and the distribution of energy after the explosion, a fluid structure coupling algorithm based on symmetric penalty function and the RHT (Riedel-Hyermaier-Thoma) constitutive model of rock layers were used. With the explicit nonlinear dynamic analysis program LS-DYNA, a 1/2 2D symmetrical numerical simulation model of perforating charge-air-rock strata was established. The perforation depth into rock strata and energy conversion of jet were systematically analyzed under different charge types, wall thicknesses of liner, and cone angles. The research results indicate that the detonation velocity and brisance of the main explosive of the perforating charge have a significant impact on the penetration depth into rock layers of jet. The higher the detonation velocity and brisance of the explosive, the higher the peak velocity of the jet head, and the greater the penetration depth into rock strata. When the main explosive of the perforating charge is RDX, the effective energy conversion rate of the jet is the highest, followed by HNS and HMX, respectively. Within the range of 0.6-1.5 mm, appropriately reducing the wall thickness of the liner can improve the jet velocity at its front and the penetration depth into rock strata. But at the same time, the proportion of effective energy of the jet will decrease, and the detonation energy will increase. Within the range of 55°-70°, appropriately reducing the cone angle of the liner will increase the effective energy conversion rate of the jet and the penetration depth into rock strata, while the conversion rate of detonation energy will decrease.

Taking fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting of underground iron ore as the research object, a full band frequency analysis was conducted on the actual collected blasting vibration waves. Based on Matlab fitting and superposition analysis, a method was proposed with the half-cycle corresponding to the high-frequency sub-cycle as the optimal delay time. It was verified by numerical simulation and field test. Results show that, by subtracting the half-cycle corresponding to the main frequency of blasting vibration waves in a staggered manner, the vibration reduction is not significant, and vibration enhancement is observed. The optimal delay time between holes is mainly related to the high-frequency sub-cycle contained within the effective band of the blasting vibration wave. Determining the delay time with the high-frequency sub-cycle is more accurate. The strength of multiple stacking is still related to the high-frequency sub-cycle. Under the condition of low stacking times, the sensitivity between the two is not high, and the sub-period of sub high frequencies can also have a certain vibration reduction effect. However, as the number of stacking increases, the correlation between the two continues to strengthen, so only high-frequency sub-cycles have good continuous superposition vibration reduction effects.