牵引加榴炮瞄准机手轮尺寸人机工效评估与优化

赵祎乾;吴天宇;顾森;李清晨;李亚军

兵工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2) : 268-280.

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  • 主管：中国科学技术协会

    主编：许毅达

    ISSN 1000-1093

    　

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    出版：《兵工学报》 编辑部

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兵工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2) : 268-280. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.02.005
论文

牵引加榴炮瞄准机手轮尺寸人机工效评估与优化

  • 赵祎乾1， 吴天宇1， 顾森2， 李清晨1， 李亚军1
作者信息 +

Ergonomic Evaluation and Optimization of Handwheel Size of Sighting Device for Towed Gun-howitzer

  • ZHAO Yiqian1， WU Tianyu1， GU Sen2， LI Qingchen1， LI Yajun1
Author information +
文章历史 +

摘要

为提升牵引加榴炮瞄准操作工效，依托人机仿真与综合评价方法依次面向瞄准机手轮轮径、安装轴线高差、握柄截面尺寸展开研究。仿真中模拟炮手动态操作行为，通过多项指标对典型行为姿势评估；综合评价中以评语集为参照，对纺锤形、圆柱形、梨形、锥形4类造型握柄对应的实物样本进行抓握与评价。依据仿真、综合评价的逻辑自上而下基于应用层、评估层、数据层、知识层推导，并构建瞄准机手轮评估与优化理论模型。结果表明：手轮尺寸优化设计时应优先采用250 mm轮 径且两手轮安装轴线高差200 mm的方式；纺锤形、圆柱形、梨形握柄截面直径设计时优先参考30 mm，锥形握柄截面直径参考34 mm，此外可在合理范围内适当调整以更好适应不同手部尺寸的炮手；该理论模型旨在通过快速评估精准地捕获手轮要素最优参考范围，支撑优化设计，以期降低炮手操作中手部、上肢、肩部、背部疲劳与受伤风险，提升舒适度。

Abstract

Based on human-machine simulation and human-machine comprehensive evaluation methods, the diameter of handwheel, the height difference of mounting axis and the sectional dimension of grip were studied to improve the ergonomics of aiming operation of towed gun-howitzer. In the simulation evaluation, the dynamic operation behavior of gunner was simulated, and his operating posture was evaluated by using multiple indexes. During comprehensive evaluation, the real samples of 4 shapes of grips, i.e., spindle-shaped, clinder-shaped, pear-shaped and cone-shaped, were grasped and evaluated with the reference of the comment set. According to the logic of simulation and comprehensive evaluation,the theoretical model of evaluating and optimizing the handwheel of sighting device was derived and constructed from up-to-down in terms of application layer, evaluation layer, data layer and knowledge layer. The result shows that the optimization design of handwheel size should first adopt a wheel diameter of 250 mm and the height difference between the mounting axes of two wheels should be 200 mm. If the grip is in the shape of a spindle, cylinder or pear, the sectional diameter should is considered 30 mm in priority. If the grip is cone-shaped, its sectional diameter can refer to 34 mm. The sectional diameter can be flexibly adjusted within a reasonable range to well fit for the size of the gunner’s hands. The proposed theoretical model aims to accurately capture the optimal reference range of handwheel elements through rapid evaluation and is used to support the optimized design for the purpose of relieving the fatigue on hands, upper limbs, shoulders and back, reducing the risk of injury and thus improving the comfort.

关键词

牵引加榴炮 / 瞄准机 / 手轮尺寸 / 人机工效 / 人机仿真评估 / 人机综合评价

Key words

towedgun-howitzer / sightingdevice / handwheelsize / ergonomic / human-machinesimulationevaluation / human-machinecomprehensiveevaluation

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赵祎乾， 吴天宇， 顾森， 李清晨， 李亚军. 牵引加榴炮瞄准机手轮尺寸人机工效评估与优化. 兵工学报. 2021, 42(2): 268-280 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.02.005
ZHAO Yiqian， WU Tianyu， GU Sen， LI Qingchen， LI Yajun. Ergonomic Evaluation and Optimization of Handwheel Size of Sighting Device for Towed Gun-howitzer. Acta Armamentarii. 2021, 42(2): 268-280 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.2021.02.005

基金

江苏省研究生科研创新项目（KYCX19_0277、KYCX18_0397）

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