针对自然环境中的二级风（1.6~3.3 m/s）和三级风（3.4~5.4 m/s）,对悬停状态的共轴双旋翼进行水平和竖直来流的抗风扰气动性能测试。在建立自然来流影响下的桨叶速度分布模型基础上，采用低速风洞模拟自然环境对共轴双旋翼进行了来流吹风试验。采用滑移网格方法计算旋翼流场，捕捉自然来流环境中流场内部的气动干扰现象，主要包括桨尖压强分布、流线分布和桨尖速度矢量。研究结果表明：所建立的模拟方法能够准确反映自然来流对共轴双旋翼流场气动特性影响；相比无来流状态，受竖直来流影响的共轴旋翼性能下降，而水平来流环境中的共轴旋翼具有较好的抗风扰性能，旋翼性能随着水平来流速度的增大而大幅度提高。
Abstract
The wind resistance of coaxial rotors in hover is tested considering the horizontal and vertical light breezes with the wind velocity varied from 1.6 to 3.3 m/s and the gentle breeze with the wind velocity varied from 3.4 to 5.4 m/s in the natural environment. A velocity distribution model of blade in the natural incoming flow is established, and a low-speed wind tunnel is also introduced to simulate the natural disturbance on the coaxial rotors.The sliding mesh method is adopted to calculate the flow field and capture the aerodynamic interference in the natural incoming flow, mainly including the distribution of tip pressure, the streamline distribution of flow field and the velocity vector of blade tip. Results show that the proposed simulation method can accurately reflect the influence of natural incoming flow on the aerodynamic characteristics of coaxial rotors. Compared to the case with no wind gust, the performance of coaxial rotors is declined due to vertical incoming flow. It is noted that the coaxial rotors can effectively resist the wind disturbance in the horizontal incoming flow, and eventually the rotor performance is greatly improved with the increase in wind velocity.Key
关键词
共轴旋翼 /
自然来流 /
气动干扰 /
风洞试验 /
滑移网格
{{custom_keyword}} /
Key words
coaxialrotor /
naturalwindgust /
aerodynamicinterference /
windtunneltest /
slidingmesh
{{custom_keyword}} /
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.title}}
{{custom_sec.content}}
参考文献
［1］NonamiK. Prospect and recent research & development for civil use autonomous unmanned aircraft as UAV and MAV [J]. Journal of System Design and Dynamics, 2007, 1(2):120-128.
[2］朱正, 招启军, 李鹏. 悬停状态共轴刚性双旋翼非定常流动干扰机理[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37 (2): 568-578.
ZHU Zheng, ZHAO Qi-jun, LI Peng. Unsteady flow interaction mechanism of coaxial rigid rotors in hover[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2016, 37(2): 568-578. (in Chinese)
[3］Yoon S, Lee H C, Pulliam T P. Computational study of flow interactions in coaxial rotors[C］∥Proceedings of AHS Technical Meeting on Aeromechanics Design for Vertical Lift. San Francisco, CA，US: NASA Ames Research Center, 2016: 20-22.
[4］叶靓, 徐国华. 共轴式双旋翼悬停流场和气动力的CFD计算[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2012, 30(4): 437-442.
YE Liang, XU Guo-hua. Calculation on flow field and aerodyna- micforce of coaxial rotors in hover with CFD method [J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2012, 30(4): 437-442. (in Chinese)
[5］Lakshminarayan V K, Baeder J D. Computational investigation of micro-scale coaxial rotor aerodynamics in hover [J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2010, 47(3): 940-955.
[6］Duque E P N, Srinivasan G R. Numerical simulationof a hovering rotor using embedded grids[C］∥Proceedings of the 48th AHS Annual Forum. Washington，DC, US: NASA Ames Research Center, 1992: 429-445.
[7］Ahmad J, Duque E P N. Helicopter rotor blade computation in unsteady flow using moving overset Grids [J]. Journal of Aircraft, 1996, 33(1): 54-60.
[8］许和勇, 叶正寅, 王刚,等. 基于非结构运动对接网格的旋翼前飞流场数值模拟[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2007, 25(3): 325-329.
XU He-yong, YE Zheng-yin, WANG Gang, et al. Numerical simulationof rotor forward flight flow based on the unstructured dynamic patched grid[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2007, 25(3):325-329. (in Chinese)
[9］Ruzicka G C, Strawn R C. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of a coaxial rotor using overset grids[C]∥AHS Specialist's Conference on Aeromechanics. San Francisco,CA, US: American Helicopter Society,2008.
[10］QuackenbushT R, Wachapress D A, McKillip R M, et al. Aerodynamic studies of high advance ratio rotor systems[C]∥the 67th Annual Forum of the American Helicopter Society. Virginia Beach, VA, US: American Helicopter Society,2011.
[11］邓彦敏, 陶然, 胡继忠. 共轴式直升机上下旋翼之间气动干扰的风洞实验研究[J]. 航空学报, 2003, 24(1): 10-14.
DENG Yan-min, TAO Ran, HU Ji-zhong. Experimental investigation of the aerodynamic interaction between upper and lower rotors of a coaxial helicopter[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2003, 24(1): 10-14. (in Chinese)
[12］马杨超, 于世美, 邓彦敏. 共轴式双旋翼悬停诱导速度场的PIV实验研究[J]. 实验流体力学, 2012, 26(1): 16-20.
MA Yang-chao, YU Shi-mei, DENG Yan-min. PIV experimental investigation of coaxial rotors' induced velocity field in hover[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 26(1):16-20. (in Chinese)
[13］冯涛. 旋翼前飞状态流场和气动干扰的数值模拟研究[D]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学, 2007: 29-46.
FENG Tao. Numerical simulation and research on the flow field and aerodynamic interaction of rotor in forward flight[D]. Beijing: Beihang University, 2007: 29-46. (in Chinese)
[14］Lei Y, Bai Y, Xu Z J, et al. An experimental investigation on aerodynamic performance of a coaxial rotor system with different rotor spacing and wind speed[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2013, 44(C): 779-785.
[15］于勇. Fluent入门与进阶教程[M]. 北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2008: 208-209.
YU Yong. Introduction and advanced tutorial of Fluent[M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology Press, 2008: 208-209. (in Chinese)
[16］王福军. 计算流体动力学分析[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2004: 7-10.
WANG Fu-jun. Analysis on computational fluid dynamics [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2004: 7-10. (in Chinese)
[17］王博. 基于CFD方法的先进旋翼气动特性数值模拟及优化研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2012: 49-64.
WANG Bo. Numerical simulations and optimizations on aerodynamic characteristics of advanced rotor by CFD method[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012: 49-64. (in Chinese)
第39卷第6期
2018年6月兵工学报ACTA
ARMAMENTARIIVol.39No.6Jun.2018
{{custom_fnGroup.title_cn}}
脚注
{{custom_fn.content}}
