A fast projectile penetrating tissue transfers energy during its passage, mainly as pressure waves. They cause an expansion of the tissues around the missile trajectory,the “temporary cavity”,limited by the strength of the tissues. In elastic material, such as muscle, the cavity rapidly collapses again. Subsequent re-expansions and collapses may occur.
Finally there will remain a permanent wound channel of similar size as the causing projectile. It will be surrounded by a zone of contusion ed,nonviable tissue, and by lacerations,which may reach far.
The most important factor deciding the extent of tissue damage around the wound channel is the amount of energy transferred by the projectile to the tissues during passage-the “energy transfer characteristics”. Experimental evidence is presented,and additional findings are discussed, such as the presence of scale effects in wounding.
A simple experimental model,allowing the determination of the energy transfer characteristics of a small calibre projectile, is described. It involves firing at blocks of tissue simulant,viz. a special,soft soap,at realistic ranges. The experiments do not require any sophisticated measuring equipment.
In the 1899 Hague Declaration, a famous and widely recognised ban on use in war of bullets which “expand or flatten easily in the human body” was agreed. The most well-known projectile with such properties was the so-calledrtDum-Dumvbullet. Other relevant rules of International Law are presented. Later efforts to negotiate additional rules of international law, aiming to avoid unecessary increases of the wounding power of small calibre firearms, are discussed.
The energy transfer characteristics of some modern assault rifle systems are presented and discussed in the light of military requirements and Inteinational Humanitarian Law.
Bo Janzon.
小口径武器的致伤机理、试验及其与国际法的关系. 兵工学报. 1986, 7(3): 47-57 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.1986.03.007
Bo Janzon.
Small Calibre Weapons Effects-mechanisms, Testing and
Relations to International Law. Acta Armamentarii. 1986, 7(3): 47-57 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-1093.1986.03.007
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