为了研究高氯酸铵基分子钙钛矿型含能材料(H2dabco)(NH4)(ClO4)3（DAP-4）在混合炸药中的应用特性，利用喷雾造粒工艺制备了DAP-4@TNT含能复合物。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（FTIR）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对其形貌和结构进行了表征，采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对比分析了DAP-4、TNT和DAP-4@TNT复合物的热分解特性，通过质谱（MS）和红外光谱技术获得了DAP-4@TNT复合物的热分解气体产物；测试了DAP-4@TNT复合物的机械感度，利用EXPLO5 V6.04.02软件计算了其爆轰性能，并与B炸药进行对比。结果表明，TNT包裹在DAP-4表面形成DAP-4@TNT含能复合物，二者在形成复合物的过程没有发生转晶，也没有新的晶体产生；DAP-4@TNT复合物中TNT和DAP-4热分解温度分别提高1.7℃、16.8℃，且分解速率降低，热稳定性增强；DAP-4@TNT复合物热分解产生的气体产物主要有：NH3、H2O、HCN、CO、HCl、CO2、NO、NOCl，与B炸药相似；另外，DAP-4@TNT复合物的爆速、爆热、爆容、爆压及爆温优于B炸药，爆容略低于B炸药。
Abstract
In order to study the application characteristics of ammonium perchlorate-based molecular perovskite energetic material (H 2dabco)(NH4)(ClO4)3 (DAP-4) in mixed explosives , DAP-4@TNT energetic composites were prepared by spray granulation process.The morphology and structure of DAP-4@TNT composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectrum (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal decomposition characteristics of DAP-4, TNT, and DAP-4@TNT composites were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The thermal decomposition gas products of DAP-4@TNT composites were obtained by mass spectrometry (MS) and FTIR. The mechanical sensitivity of DAP-4@TNT composites was tested according to the GJB772-1997 method, and its detonation performance was calculated by EXPLO5 V6.04.02 software, and compared with Composition B. The results showed that DAP-4 and TNT can form a "crystal embedded" structure, and there is no transcrystalllization and no new crystal formation in the combination.The thermal decomposition temperature of TNT and DAP-4 in the DAP-4@TNT composites increased by 1.7 °C and 16.8 °C, respectively, the decomposition rate became slower, and the thermal stability was enhanced. The gas products generated by the thermal decomposition of DAP-4@TNT composite s mainly include NH 3, H2O, HCN, CO, HCl, CO2, NO, and NOCl, similar to Composition B. In addition, the detonation velocity, detonation heat, detonation capacity, detonation pressure, and detonation temperature of the DAP-4@TNT composite s are better than those of Composition B, but the detonation capacity is slightly lower than that of Composition B.
关键词
DAP-4@TNT复合物，嵌晶结构，气体产物，热分解，爆轰能量
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Key words
DAP-4@TNT composites /
"crystal embedded" structure /
gas products /
thermal decomposition /
detonation energy
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