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Analysis of Factors Affecting Parachute Landing Injuries Based on Finite Element Modeling
RENHailong, CAOShuanghui, PENGHan, DOUQingbo, SUOTao
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Sponsored by: China Association for Science and Technology (CAST)
Editor-In-Chief: Xu Yida
ISSN 1000-1093
Hosted By: China Ordnance Society
Published By: Acta Armamentarii
CN 11-2176/TJ
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Analysis of Factors Affecting Parachute Landing Injuries Based on Finite Element Modeling
The parachute landing injuries of paratroopers have been a focal point in aviation medicine and special medical studies.It is very important to investigate the biomechanical mechanisms of landing injuries for the protection and prevention of parachute landing injuries.The factors influencing the lower limb injuries of paratroopers subjected to landing impact are numerically simulated by using the global human body models consortium (GHBMC) full-body finite element model.The findings indicate that the long bones of the lower limbs such as femur and tibia are less likely to be injured during normal landing impact.However,the calcaneus,talus and meniscus are susceptible to injury due to compression from the long bones,and the vulnerable area includes the medial tubercle of calcaneus,the trochlea of talus,and the anterior horn of lateral meniscus.The study also reveals the variations in injury mechanisms in different landing scenarios.The descent speed significantly affects ground impact forces,thereby greatly increasing the probability of stress fractures in the long bones of lower limbs.The horizontal wind speed can alter the center of gravity to increase the likelihood of ankle injuries.The ground conditions influence the duration of impact contact,increasing the probability of injuries to the ankle,particularly the calcaneus.
paratrooper / parachuting / landing injury / biomechanical mechanism / lower limb injury {{custom_keyword}} /
Table 1 General information of subjects表1 受试者基本情况 |
| 志愿者编号 | 年龄/岁 | 身高/cm | 体重/kg | 有无伤病史 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 22 | 176 | 72.6 | 无 |
| 2 | 23 | 173 | 74.2 | 无 |
| 3 | 22 | 177 | 75.3 | 无 |
Table 2 Comparison of platform landing experiemnts and simulations表2 平台着陆实验与仿真对比 |
| 时间/ms | 实验结果 | 仿真结果 |
|---|---|---|
| 0 |  |  |
| 40 |  |  |
| 80 |  |  |
| 120 |  |  |
Fig.5 Comparison of experimental and simulated GRFs at different platform heights图5 实验和仿真垂直地面反力对比 |
Fig.6 Comparison of experimental and simulated knee joint motion angles at different platform heights图6 实验和仿真膝关节运动角度对比 |
Table 3 Simulation parameter settings for analysis of descent speed effect表3 下降速度影响分析仿真工况参数设置 |
| 下降速度/ (m·s-1) | 水平风速/ (m·s-1) | 着陆地面 | 地面密度/ (kg·m-3) | 地面模量/ GPa | 地面 泊松比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | 0 | 混凝土 | 2500 | 30 | 0.3 |
| 5 | 0 | 混凝土 | 2500 | 30 | 0.3 |
| 7 | 0 | 混凝土 | 2500 | 30 | 0.3 |
Table 4 Simulation parameter settings for analysis of horizontal wind speed effect表4 水平风速影响分析仿真工况参数设置 |
| 下降速度/ (m·s-1) | 水平风速/ (m·s-1) | 着陆地面 | 地面密度/ (kg·m-3) | 地面模量/ GPa | 地面 泊松比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 4 | 混凝土 | 2500 | 30 | 0.3 |
| 6 | 2 | 混凝土 | 2500 | 30 | 0.3 |
| 6 | 0 | 混凝土 | 2500 | 30 | 0.3 |
Table 5 Simulation parameter settings for analysis of ground condition effect表5 地面条件影响分析仿真工况参数设置 |
| 下降速度/ (m·s-1) | 水平风速/ (m·s-1) | 着陆地面 | 地面密度/ (kg·m-3) | 地面模量/ GPa | 地面 泊松比 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | 0 | 软黏土 | 1600 | 0.01 | 0.4 |
| 6 | 0 | 粉砂岩 | 2160 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| 6 | 0 | 混凝土 | 2500 | 30 | 0.3 |
Table 6 Injury criteria for lower limb表6 下肢损伤评价准则 |
| 下肢损伤准则 | 损伤评价指标 | 损伤阈 值/kN | 损伤概率 (简明损伤定级 标准2+) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 股骨力准则 | 股骨轴向力 | 10.00 | |
| 胫骨压缩力准则 | 胫骨近端轴向力 | 8.00 | |
| 足踝损伤准则 | 胫骨远端轴向力 | 7.59 |
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PDF(16896 KB)
Fig.1 GHBMC full-body finite element modelFig.2 Posture adjustment of human finite element modelFig.3 Human landing impact finite element model
Table 1 General information of subjectsFig.4 Location of reflective marker pointsTable 2 Comparison of platform landing experiemnts and simulationsFig.5 Comparison of experimental and simulated GRFs at different platform heightsFig.6 Comparison of experimental and simulated knee joint motion angles at different platform heightsFig.7 Comparison of experimental and simulated ankle joint motion angles at different platform heightsTable 3 Simulation parameter settings for analysis of descent speed effectTable 4 Simulation parameter settings for analysis of horizontal wind speed effectTable 5 Simulation parameter settings for analysis of ground condition effectTable 6 Injury criteria for lower limbFig.8 Data extraction locations for three injury assessment criteriaFig.9 Comparison of kinematic data at different descent speeds during landingFig.10 Comparison of lower limb injury indices during landing at different descent speedsFig.11 Comparison of peak stress in calcaneus,talus,and meniscus at different descent speedsFig.12 Comparison of kinematic data at different wind speeds during landingFig.13 Displacement of human center of mass at different wind speedsFig.14 Comparison of lower limb injury indices during landing at different wind speedsFig.15 Comparison of peak stresses in calcaneus,talus, and meniscus at different wind speedsFig.16 Comparison of kinematic data at different ground conditions during landingFig.17 Comparison of lower limb injury indices during landing at different ground conditionsFig.18 Comparison of peak stresses in calcaneus,talus, and meniscus at different ground conditions/
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